岷江上游干旱河谷岷江柏木幼林地绿肥种植研究

在岷江上游干旱河谷岷江柏木幼林地经过连续4 a利用雨季种植绿肥压青,增加土壤肥力,提高水分利用率,促进幼树生长研究。结果表明:(1)种植红豆草的土壤0～40 cm含水量旱季增加3.68 g·kg-1,0～20 cm土壤容重降低0.07 g·cm-3;种植草木樨土壤0～40 cm含水量旱季增加4.18 g·kg-1,0～20 cm土壤容重降低0.05 g·cm-3;种植沙打旺土壤0～40 cm含水量增加2.46 g.kg-1,0～20 cm土壤容重降低0.18 g·cm-3。(2)种植绿肥压青,土壤有机质增加0.37 g·kg-1～0.55 g·kg-1,土壤CaCO3含量下降0.66 g·kg-1～1.36 g·kg-1,有效氮增加4.5 mg·kg-1～18.5 mg·kg-1,有效磷含量增加1.0～3.46 mg·kg-1,CEC比对照增加0.54～0.58mg.100g-1。(3)种植红豆草、草木樨、沙打旺绿肥压青对岷江柏木树高、地径生长有显著的促进作用,尤其种植红豆草的岷江柏木幼树生长最好,高、径生长为对照的1.7倍和1.6倍。     

Distribution of biomass and carbon in even‐aged stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.): A case study on spacing and thinning effects in northern Denmark

The main objective of this case study was to explore the possible influence of forest management on the levels and distribution of biomass and carbon (C) in even-aged stands of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in Denmark. Data originated from a long-term thinning experiment and an adjacent spacing experiment at stand ages of 58 and 41 years, respectively. Biomass of 16 trees from different thinning and spacing treatments was measured or partly estimated, and soils were sampled for determination of C stocks. All trees in each plot were measured for stem diameter and some for total height, to allow for scaling-up results to stand-level estimates. For trees of similar size, foliage biomass tended to be higher in the spacing experiment, which was located on slightly more fertile land. Foliage biomass increased with increasing thinning grade, but the effect could not be separated from that of tree size. At stand level, foliage biomass tended to increase with increasing spacing as well as with increasing thinning grade. For branchwood, stems and roots (including below-ground stump), the biomass increased with increasing tree size and stand volume at tree and stand level, respectively, but no differences between stands, spacings or thinning grades were observed, apart from that expressed by tree size or stand volume. At stand level, C stocks of all biomass compartments decreased with increasing thinning grade, while the distribution between compartments was hardly influenced. The ratio between above-ground and stem biomass was about 1.21 at stand level, while the ratio between below- and above-ground biomass was about 0.17. Thinning influenced the C stock of the forest floor and mineral soil oppositely, resulting in no effect of thinning on total soil C.     

猪粪干、湿法厌氧发酵过程中碳、氮的流失

试验以新鲜猪粪为发酵原料,研究湿法和干法两种不同厌氧发酵过程的碳、氮排放量。湿发酵和干发酵组发酵料液的总固体(TS)含量分别为8%和20%,发酵液pH为6.8~7.4,发酵温度为35℃,体积为1.2 L,周期为21 d。试验期间每天测产气量,每4天取发酵样,测其全氮含量和TS降解率。结果表明,湿法和干法发酵组的CH4总产气量分别为9114 mL和12537 mL;CO2的总产气量分别为251.90 mmol和343.67 mmol;TS降解率分别为52.5%和29%。湿发酵的碳流失率和全氮流失率极显著高于干发酵(P<0.05)。     

渭北旱塬大红袍花椒育苗技术

通过多年实验研究,不断地总结旱地大红袍花椒育苗关键技术,对提高种子发芽率、出苗率和苗木质量及丰产栽培提供主要技术支撑,为花椒产业的持续发展和渭北旱塬花椒播种育苗提供基础和依据。     

氯氧镁水泥竹刨花板热压工艺研究

研究了热压温度、热压时间工艺参数的改变对氯氧镁水泥竹刨花极性能的影响,结果表明:随着热压时间和热压温度的增加,板材强度不断增强;综合板材性能在各参数下变化的幅度及生产成本的考虑,给出热压温度和时间的推荐参数:热压温度125℃、热压时间12,min或者热压温度100℃、热压时间16 min.     

糙皮侧耳对几种粗饲料营养成分的影响

实验以玉米秸秆,小麦秸秆,干苜蓿为主要研究对象,用糙皮侧耳进行菌化并发酵培养,分析对比菌化前后三种粗饲料在感官指标和营养成分方面的变化情况。结果表明,三种粗饲料被糙皮侧耳菌化后颜色变鲜艳,质地变软,有淡淡的香味;玉米秸秆粗蛋白提高11.70%,粗脂肪提高6.18%,粗纤维降低17.25%,木质素降低6.62%;小麦秸秆粗蛋白提高9.21%,粗脂肪提高5.42%,粗纤维降低17.47%,木质素降低8.07%;干苜蓿粗蛋白提高9.32%,粗脂肪提高5.54%,粗纤维降低14.18%。糙皮侧耳对秸秆的饲料化利用具有重要意义。     

南疆高产栽培技术下陆地棉器官水平的干物质生产规律

南疆棉共高产栽培技术模式下的陆地棉的干物质积累呈“Ｓ”型曲线增长,高产棉花总积累的干物质为１１８．７克／株;干物质增长最快的时期在２／８－１２／８（出苗后８５－９５天）,地上部干物质分配中心随生育进程发生着如下动态转移：真叶→茎枝→蕾花、幼铃→铃壳→籽棉。棉铃内部的干物质分配、运输转移随时间及节位的变化呈现出有规律的变化。     

旱种水稻产量与米质的初步研究

以粳稻镇稻 88和杂交籼稻汕优 63为材料 ,研究了旱种对产量与米质形成的影响。结果表明 :用湿润秧进行旱种栽培 ,镇稻 88明显较水种产量低 ,而汕优 63减产幅度不大 ;用旱秧进行旱种 ,无论是镇稻 88还是汕优 63 ,产量与水种的差异均不明显 ;水稻旱种后 ,稻米的胶稠度明显减小 ,糊化温度升高。垩白率因品种而异。其他品质指标如直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量和精米率等与水种无显著差异     

玉米秸秆及其根茬不同分解时间对土壤有效微量元素的影响

通过对黑钙土的培养试验 ,研究了玉米秸秆及其根茬施入土壤后不同分解时间对土壤有效微量元素的影响。在整个培养过程中 ,玉米秸秆及其根茬处理的土壤有效微量元素含量均高于对照。施用玉米秸秆土壤有效锌、锰、铁、铜提高幅度分别为 0 70～ 2 0 5、4 77～ 5 94、3 2 4～5 2 8和 0 19～ 0 63mg/kg ;施用玉米根茬土壤有效锌、锰、铁、铜分别为 0 2 1～ 0 64、2 30～ 3 72、3 96～ 6 63和 0 2 1～ 0 68mg/kg。     

手扶拖拉机旱地驱动叶轮的设计

根据手扶拖拉机结构参数和其在旱地作业的状态进行了旱地驱动叶轮的设计,建立了轮缘外径,轮叶齿数、轮叶齿端曲线等方程,据此探讨确定旱地驱动叶轮主要参数的方法。